1689 lines
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1689 lines
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<a href="http://fox-9.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">雪山凌狐教程</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
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<a href="../">
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Python3小白课 介绍
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</a>
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课程目录
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="../chapter1/">
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<a href="../chapter1/">
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一、Python初识
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="../chapter1/1-1 python3小白课：python语言简介.html">
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<a href="../chapter1/1-1 python3小白课：python语言简介.html">
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1-1 python3小白课：python语言简介
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="../chapter1/1-2 python3小白课：python下载.html">
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<a href="../chapter1/1-2 python3小白课：python下载.html">
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1-2 python3小白课：python下载
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="../chapter1/1-3 python3小白课：python安装.html">
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<a href="../chapter1/1-3 python3小白课：python安装.html">
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1-3 python3小白课：python安装
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="../chapter1/1-4 python3小白课：我的第一个python脚本.html">
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<a href="../chapter1/1-4 python3小白课：我的第一个python脚本.html">
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1-4 python3小白课：我的第一个python脚本
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../chapter1/1-5 python3小白课：如何运行py文件.html">
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<a href="../chapter1/1-5 python3小白课：如何运行py文件.html">
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1-5 python3小白课：如何运行py文件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6" data-path="../chapter1/1-6 python3小白课：使用python IDLE.html">
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<a href="../chapter1/1-6 python3小白课：使用python IDLE.html">
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1-6 python3小白课：使用python IDLE
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7" data-path="../chapter1/1-7 python3小白课：使用python shell.html">
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<a href="../chapter1/1-7 python3小白课：使用python shell.html">
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1-7 python3小白课：使用python shell
|
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</a>
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="./">
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<a href="./">
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二、变量、简单类型和运算符
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="2-1 python3小白课：啥是变量.html">
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<a href="2-1 python3小白课：啥是变量.html">
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2-1 python3小白课：啥是变量
|
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|
||
</a>
|
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|
||
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="2-2 python3小白课：定义常量.html">
|
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<a href="2-2 python3小白课：定义常量.html">
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2-2 python3小白课：定义常量
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||
</a>
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|
||
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="2-3 python3小白课：注释让你事半功倍.html">
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<a href="2-3 python3小白课：注释让你事半功倍.html">
|
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2-3 python3小白课：注释让你事半功倍
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
</li>
|
||
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="2-4 python3小白课：数值类型之整型.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-4 python3小白课：数值类型之整型.html">
|
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|
||
|
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2-4 python3小白课：数值类型之整型
|
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|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="2-5 python3小白课：数值类型之浮点型.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-5 python3小白课：数值类型之浮点型.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-5 python3小白课：数值类型之浮点型
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6" data-path="2-6 python3小白课：数值类型之复数.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-6 python3小白课：数值类型之复数.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-6 python3小白课：数值类型之复数
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7" data-path="2-7 python3小白课：字符串入门.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-7 python3小白课：字符串入门.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-7 python3小白课：字符串入门
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8" data-path="2-8 python3小白课：字节串.html">
|
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|
||
<a href="2-8 python3小白课：字节串.html">
|
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|
||
|
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2-8 python3小白课：字节串
|
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|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
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|
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<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.4.9" data-path="2-9 python3小白课：字符串进阶.html">
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|
||
<a href="2-9 python3小白课：字符串进阶.html">
|
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|
||
|
||
2-9 python3小白课：字符串进阶
|
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|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10" data-path="2-10 python3小白课：赋值运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-10 python3小白课：赋值运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-10 python3小白课：赋值运算符
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11" data-path="2-11 python3小白课：算术运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-11 python3小白课：算术运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-11 python3小白课：算术运算符
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12" data-path="2-12 python3小白课：索引运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-12 python3小白课：索引运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-12 python3小白课：索引运算符
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13" data-path="2-13 python3小白课：比较运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-13 python3小白课：比较运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-13 python3小白课：比较运算符
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14" data-path="2-14 python3小白课：身份运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-14 python3小白课：身份运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-14 python3小白课：身份运算符
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.15" data-path="2-15 python3小白课：逻辑运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-15 python3小白课：逻辑运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-15 python3小白课：逻辑运算符
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.16" data-path="2-16 python3小白课：位运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-16 python3小白课：位运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-16 python3小白课：位运算符
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.17" data-path="2-17 python3小白课：赋值运算符扩展.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-17 python3小白课：赋值运算符扩展.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-17 python3小白课：赋值运算符扩展
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.18" data-path="2-18 python3小白课：三目运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-18 python3小白课：三目运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-18 python3小白课：三目运算符
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.19" data-path="2-19 python3小白课：成员运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-19 python3小白课：成员运算符.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-19 python3小白课：成员运算符
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.20" data-path="2-20 python3小白课：运算符优先级.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="2-20 python3小白课：运算符优先级.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2-20 python3小白课：运算符优先级
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../chapter3/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter3/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
三、列表、元组和字典
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../chapter3/3-1 python3小白课：列表和元组的区别.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter3/3-1 python3小白课：列表和元组的区别.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3-1 python3小白课：列表和元组的区别
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../chapter3/3-2 python3小白课：列表元组入门.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter3/3-2 python3小白课：列表元组入门.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3-2 python3小白课：列表元组入门
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../chapter3/3-3 python3小白课：深入列表.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter3/3-3 python3小白课：深入列表.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3-3 python3小白课：深入列表
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../chapter3/3-4 python3小白课：字典初识.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter3/3-4 python3小白课：字典初识.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3-4 python3小白课：字典初识
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5" data-path="../chapter3/3-5 python3小白课：字典操作基础.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter3/3-5 python3小白课：字典操作基础.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3-5 python3小白课：字典操作基础
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6" data-path="../chapter3/3-6 python3小白课：字典的常用方法.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter3/3-6 python3小白课：字典的常用方法.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3-6 python3小白课：字典的常用方法
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../chapter4/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter4/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
四、流程控制
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../chapter4/4-1 python3小白课：if分支结构.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter4/4-1 python3小白课：if分支结构.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4-1 python3小白课：if分支结构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../chapter4/4-2 python3小白课：while循环结构.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter4/4-2 python3小白课：while循环结构.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4-2 python3小白课：while循环结构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../chapter4/4-3 python3小白课：for-in循环结构.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter4/4-3 python3小白课：for-in循环结构.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4-3 python3小白课：for-in循环结构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../chapter4/4-4 python3小白课：for表达式.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter4/4-4 python3小白课：for表达式.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4-4 python3小白课：for表达式
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="../chapter5/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter5/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
五、自定义函数
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../chapter5/5-1 python3小白课：函数是什么.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter5/5-1 python3小白课：函数是什么.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5-1 python3小白课：函数是什么
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../chapter5/5-2 python3小白课：函数入门.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter5/5-2 python3小白课：函数入门.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5-2 python3小白课：函数入门
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../chapter5/5-3 python3小白课：递归函数.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter5/5-3 python3小白课：递归函数.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5-3 python3小白课：递归函数
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.4" data-path="../chapter5/5-4 python3小白课：关键字参数.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter5/5-4 python3小白课：关键字参数.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5-4 python3小白课：关键字参数
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.5" data-path="../chapter5/5-5 python3小白课：参数默认值.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter5/5-5 python3小白课：参数默认值.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5-5 python3小白课：参数默认值
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.6" data-path="../chapter5/5-6 python3小白课：参数收集.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter5/5-6 python3小白课：参数收集.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5-6 python3小白课：参数收集
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.7" data-path="../chapter5/5-7 python3小白课：变量作用域.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter5/5-7 python3小白课：变量作用域.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5-7 python3小白课：变量作用域
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.8" data-path="../chapter5/5-8 python3小白课：局部函数.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter5/5-8 python3小白课：局部函数.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5-8 python3小白课：局部函数
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="../chapter6/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter6/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
六、模块和包
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.1" data-path="../chapter6/6-1 python3小白课：模块的导入.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter6/6-1 python3小白课：模块的导入.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6-1 python3小白课：模块的导入
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.2" data-path="../chapter6/6-2 python3小白课：自己写模块.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter6/6-2 python3小白课：自己写模块.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6-2 python3小白课：自己写模块
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.3" data-path="../chapter6/6-3 python3小白课：导入模块详解.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter6/6-3 python3小白课：导入模块详解.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6-3 python3小白课：导入模块详解
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.4" data-path="../chapter6/6-4 python3小白课：包是什么.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter6/6-4 python3小白课：包是什么.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6-4 python3小白课：包是什么
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.5" data-path="../chapter6/6-5 python3小白课：定义包.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter6/6-5 python3小白课：定义包.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6-5 python3小白课：定义包
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.6" data-path="../chapter6/6-6 python3小白课：包成员导入.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter6/6-6 python3小白课：包成员导入.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6-6 python3小白课：包成员导入
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.7" data-path="../chapter6/6-7 python3小白课：模块内容查看.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter6/6-7 python3小白课：模块内容查看.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6-7 python3小白课：模块内容查看
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.8" data-path="../chapter6/6-8 python3小白课：解锁你心仪的三方包.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter6/6-8 python3小白课：解锁你心仪的三方包.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6-8 python3小白课：解锁你心仪的三方包
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.9" data-path="../chapter6/6-9 python3小白课：虚拟环境介绍和安装.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter6/6-9 python3小白课：虚拟环境介绍和安装.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6-9 python3小白课：虚拟环境介绍和安装
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.10" data-path="../chapter6/6-10 python3小白课：虚拟环境使用.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter6/6-10 python3小白课：虚拟环境使用.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6-10 python3小白课：虚拟环境使用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9" data-path="../chapter7/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter7/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
七、类和对象
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.1" data-path="../chapter7/7-1 python3小白课：一节课搞懂面向对象.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter7/7-1 python3小白课：一节课搞懂面向对象.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7-1 python3小白课：一节课搞懂面向对象
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.2" data-path="../chapter7/7-2 python3小白课：定义类和实例化对象.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter7/7-2 python3小白课：定义类和实例化对象.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7-2 python3小白课：定义类和实例化对象
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.3" data-path="../chapter7/7-3 python3小白课：了解实例方法.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter7/7-3 python3小白课：了解实例方法.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7-3 python3小白课：了解实例方法
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.4" data-path="../chapter7/7-4 python3小白课：用property函数定义属性.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter7/7-4 python3小白课：用property函数定义属性.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7-4 python3小白课：用property函数定义属性
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.5" data-path="../chapter7/7-5 python3小白课：封装和隐藏.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter7/7-5 python3小白课：封装和隐藏.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7-5 python3小白课：封装和隐藏
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.6" data-path="../chapter7/7-6 python3小白课：类的继承和多继承.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter7/7-6 python3小白课：类的继承和多继承.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7-6 python3小白课：类的继承和多继承
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.7" data-path="../chapter7/7-7 python3小白课：重写父类方法和使用super函数.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter7/7-7 python3小白课：重写父类方法和使用super函数.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7-7 python3小白课：重写父类方法和使用super函数
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.8" data-path="../chapter7/7-8 python3小白课：类的多态性.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter7/7-8 python3小白课：类的多态性.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7-8 python3小白课：类的多态性
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.9" data-path="../chapter7/7-9 python3小白课：可以被枚举的类.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter7/7-9 python3小白课：可以被枚举的类.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7-9 python3小白课：可以被枚举的类
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.10" data-path="../chapter8/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter8/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
八、异常处理机制
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.1" data-path="../chapter8/8-1 python3小白课：最基本的异常处理.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter8/8-1 python3小白课：最基本的异常处理.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8-1 python3小白课：最基本的异常处理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.2" data-path="../chapter8/8-2 python3小白课：多异常捕获.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter8/8-2 python3小白课：多异常捕获.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8-2 python3小白课：多异常捕获
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.3" data-path="../chapter8/8-3 python3小白课：查看详细异常信息.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter8/8-3 python3小白课：查看详细异常信息.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8-3 python3小白课：查看详细异常信息
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.4" data-path="../chapter8/8-4 python3小白课：异常机制中的else块.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../chapter8/8-4 python3小白课：异常机制中的else块.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8-4 python3小白课：异常机制中的else块
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
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||
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<!-- Title -->
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<a href=".." >2-9 python3小白课：字符串进阶</a>
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<html><head></head><body><div id="anchor-navigation-ex-navbar"><i class="fa fa-navicon"></i><ul><li><span class="title-icon fa fa-hand-o-right"></span><a href="#python3小白课：字符串进阶"><b></b>python3小白课：字符串进阶</a></li><ul><ul><li><span class="title-icon fa fa-hand-o-right"></span><a href="#转义字符"><b></b>转义字符</a></li><li><span class="title-icon fa fa-hand-o-right"></span><a href="#格式化字符串"><b></b>格式化字符串</a></li><li><span class="title-icon fa fa-hand-o-right"></span><a href="#format函数"><b></b>format函数</a></li><li><span class="title-icon fa fa-hand-o-right"></span><a href="#f-string"><b></b>f-string</a></li><li><span class="title-icon fa fa-hand-o-right"></span><a href="#字符串索引及相关方法"><b></b>字符串索引及相关方法</a></li><li><span class="title-icon fa fa-hand-o-right"></span><a href="#字符串str类型自带的一些内置方法"><b></b>字符串str类型自带的一些内置方法</a></li><li><span class="title-icon fa fa-hand-o-right"></span><a href="#单词释义"><b></b>单词释义</a></li></ul></ul></ul></div><h1 id="python3小白课：字符串进阶"><a name="python3小白课：字符串进阶" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#python3小白课：字符串进阶"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>python3小白课：字符串进阶</h1>
|
||
<p>之前我们学习了python字符串的入门知识，它们内容不少，不知道大家消化得怎么样了呢？</p>
|
||
<p>这节课我们来学习一些字符串的进阶知识，掌握好本节课的内容，对你高效的使用字符串帮助颇大，我们依然提取最精练的内容传授给大家。</p>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<h3 id="转义字符"><a name="转义字符" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#转义字符"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>转义字符</h3>
|
||
<p>之前我们讲解过<code>\</code>符号可以作为转义字符。除了之前教学的场景之外，python还能支持一些其他的转义符，我们来列举常用的一些：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-python"><span class="token comment"># coding:utf-8</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># \n表示换行符，比较常用到</span>
|
||
a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"我是第一行\n我是第二行"</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 当我们要循环打出一段字符串的时候，不需要写多遍，用*号，后面加上重复的次数即可，比如这里打印40个*号</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"*"</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># \t表示制表符，类似你键盘上的Tab键的距离</span>
|
||
b <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"我是第一行\t我是第二行"</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>上面的例子包含的知识点挺多哦，好好学习下。</p>
|
||
<p>其他还有一些自带支持的转义符我们就不一一列举了，感兴趣的同学可以自行找下资料。</p>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<h3 id="格式化字符串"><a name="格式化字符串" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#格式化字符串"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>格式化字符串</h3>
|
||
<p>还记得我们入门的时候，使用的是<code>+</code>号的方法把字符串联结起来，当遇到不同类型的数据的时候，我们需要把数据先转换成字符串型。这样有几点不便，其中的一点是，当字符串中的变量太多，需要写多个+号来联结，另一点是要经常关注数据类型，容易报错等。</p>
|
||
<p>这时候，我们更常用更常见的神器，格式化字符串，来了！</p>
|
||
<p>先来看下例子感受一下，我用了日常编程中更为常见的转换说明符来写：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-python"><span class="token comment"># coding:utf-8</span>
|
||
a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"我的名字是%s，我的年龄是%d。\n我知道，π的值为%.2f"</span> <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"小白"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3.1415926</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
b <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"现在你在【%s】学习python小白课呢~"</span> <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token string">"雪山凌狐教程"</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>来我们来看一下，这两句示例代码都先用字符串定义了一串的内容，空格之后跟了一个<code>%</code>符号，再空格之后，对应的写入了一些内容，有的用括号括起来了，有的没用，对吧？</p>
|
||
<p>那么我们首先看一下第一部分的字符串内容，通过对比输出结果，我们可以看到，我们在字符串中也有<code>%</code>号，并且后面跟了一些字母等内容。接下来我们就来解释一下我们用到的几个转换说明符：</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>转换说明符</th>
|
||
<th>说明</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>%s</td>
|
||
<td>将内容（变量或者表达式）用str命令转换为字符串</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>%d</td>
|
||
<td>转换为带符号的十进制形式的整数</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>%f</td>
|
||
<td>转换为十进制形式的浮点数，.num表示保留小数点后面num位，如果给的值不够这个num大，则会补位</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>其他一些转换说明符还有，不过掌握几个常见的日常也基本够用了，这样大家记忆起来就不费力。如果你对其他的说明符感兴趣，可以自行查阅资料。</p>
|
||
<p>然后接下来是一个固定的<code>%</code>符号作为分隔符。</p>
|
||
<p>最后就是我们的内容了，内容可以直接写值也可以支持变量或者表达式的形式。如果前面的字符串定义了多个，需要用逗号<code>,</code>隔开，并且外面套上小括号，需要注意的是，前面定义了几个，后面就给几个，不要数量不正确，否则会报错哦。如果只定义了一个，那么直接写它就可以了。将一些内容用小括号括起来，在python中叫做<code>元组（tuple）</code>。有关元组的知识后面我们会另外再重点讲解，你稍微知道一下即可。</p>
|
||
<p>怎么样？是不是很方便？+号是不是少写了很多？</p>
|
||
<h3 id="format函数"><a name="format函数" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#format函数"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>format函数</h3>
|
||
<p>这也是实战中用得比较多的格式化字符串的方法，我们来看个简单的例子就懂了：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-python"><span class="token comment"># coding:utf-8</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># format函数的参数中，可以带上参数名，可以不按顺序，如果不带参数名，就必须按顺序给值</span>
|
||
a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"我的名字是{name}，我的年龄是{age}"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>age<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"小白"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 也可以这样写和定义</span>
|
||
a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"我的名字是{}，我的年龄是{}"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"小白"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>很简单，会了吗？用上<code>{}</code>大括号即可。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="f-string"><a name="f-string" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#f-string"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>f-string</h3>
|
||
<p>上述的格式化方法是过去的版本python一直都有的，我们这里补充讲解一下据说是python3.6版本以上才新加的东东——<code>f-string</code>，让我们也来潮流一把。它可能比format函数更加顺畅哦。</p>
|
||
<p><code>f-string</code>，亦称为格式化字符串常量（formatted string literals），是Python3.6新引入的一种字符串格式化方法，主要目的是使格式化字符串的操作更加简便。</p>
|
||
<p>来我们直接看例子：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-python"><span class="token comment"># coding:utf-8</span>
|
||
name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"小白"</span>
|
||
age <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18</span>
|
||
a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f"我的名字是</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>name<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">，我的年龄是</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>age<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>其实在这里，大括号的作用是一个python表达式，你还可以在大括号里面写表达式的。基础使用我们就讲到这里吧，它的强大之处远远不止这些，如果你想深入了解，百度一下<code>f-string</code>即可得到很多你想要的答案了。</p>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<h3 id="字符串索引及相关方法"><a name="字符串索引及相关方法" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#字符串索引及相关方法"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>字符串索引及相关方法</h3>
|
||
<p>很多时候，我们仅需要取出一串字符串中的某些个内容，那么如何取出呢？这里我们来介绍一下索引的概念。</p>
|
||
<p>比如我们定义一个最简单的字符串：<code>a = "hello"</code>。</p>
|
||
<p>如果你算术够好，肯定能掰出五个手指头告诉我这里有<strong>5</strong>个字母。那么我们可以给他们每个字母编制一个索引。</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>[!danger]</p>
|
||
<p>在python中，索引从<strong>0</strong>开始，务必记住！是0！不是1！很多编程语言的索引都从0开始（个别从1开始索引），这对于我们日常说一楼就是一楼的人有点难抽象出来，但定义如此，请你死记硬背好~</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>所以，我们的五个字母的索引分别为：<code>0, 1, 2, 3, 4</code>。</p>
|
||
<p>我们用<code>[]</code>中括号表示索引，如果需要取出字母e，我们可以这样表示：<code>print(a[1])</code></p>
|
||
<p>我们还可以有其他写法，看例子：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-python"><span class="token comment"># coding:utf-8</span>
|
||
a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"hello"</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 我们有如下索引对应关系：</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># [h -> 0], [e -> 1], [l -> 2], [l -> 3], [o -> 4]</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 取出从右边开始第1个字符</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 取出索引从2到4（不含4）的字符（即索引2~3的字符），注意写冒号的话永远是包含头索引不包含尾索引</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 取出倒数第3到倒数第1（不包含倒数第1）的字符串（不能反过来写哦）</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 取出索引为2之后的所有字符串</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 取出索引为1（不包含1）之前的所有字符串</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 用in运算符判断某字符串在不在原字符串里面，在返回True真，不在返回False假，这个布尔型我们之前讲过</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"lo"</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 获取字符的总长度，可以使用len函数</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 经过测试，对于中文字符串，它的数数也是按照英文字符串那样来数的，你可以自行深入测试</span>
|
||
b <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"我是小白little bai"</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<h3 id="字符串str类型自带的一些内置方法"><a name="字符串str类型自带的一些内置方法" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#字符串str类型自带的一些内置方法"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>字符串str类型自带的一些内置方法</h3>
|
||
<p>字符串还有一些它内置的方法，让我们处理起字符串来可以得心应手。</p>
|
||
<p>我们可以通过<code>dir(str)</code>命令查看内置的方法有哪些，dir命令也能查看其它类的内置方法，这个大家可以自己探索下。运行后，会返回一个命令列表（list），关于列表的知识我们在后面的课程中会详细的讲解，大家稍微知道一下中括号括起来的是一个列表就可以了。</p>
|
||
<p>我这里运行结果如下：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-python"><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'__add__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__class__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__contains__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__delattr__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__dir__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__doc__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__eq__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__format__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__ge__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__getattribute__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__getitem__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__getnewargs__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__gt__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__hash__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__init__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__init_subclass__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__iter__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__le__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__len__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__lt__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__mod__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__mul__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__ne__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__new__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__reduce__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__reduce_ex__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__repr__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__rmod__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__rmul__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__setattr__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__sizeof__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__str__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__subclasshook__'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'capitalize'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'casefold'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'center'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'count'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'encode'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'endswith'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'expandtabs'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'find'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'format'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'format_map'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'index'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'isalnum'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'isalpha'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'isascii'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'isdecimal'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'isdigit'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'isidentifier'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'islower'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'isnumeric'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'isprintable'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'isspace'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'istitle'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'isupper'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'join'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'ljust'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'lower'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'lstrip'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'maketrans'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'partition'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'replace'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'rfind'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'rindex'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'rjust'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'rpartition'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'rsplit'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'rstrip'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'split'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'splitlines'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'startswith'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'strip'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'swapcase'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'title'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'translate'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'upper'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'zfill'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>[!note]</p>
|
||
<p>方法有很多，其中我们注意到有很多方法开头结尾都有<code>__</code>双下划线符号，这些命令为python系统定义的名字，是特殊方法专用的标识，请不要自己随意定义这类命令。</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>剩下的那些就是内置类方法啦，里面太多了，如果你感兴趣，可以使用我们学过的help命令来查看帮助文档哦。我们来挑一些重点的来写示例讲解：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-python"><span class="token comment"># coding:utf-8</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 大小写相关方法</span>
|
||
a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"my name is liTTle bai 小白"</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># title方法，将每个单词首字母改为大写</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># lower方法，将每个字母改为小写。比如在比较文件后缀名时十分有用</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lower<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># upper方法，将每个字母改为大写</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>upper<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 删除空白相关方法，空格，制表符等都可以</span>
|
||
b <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">" my name is liTTle bai 小白 "</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># strip方法，删除首尾的空白</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b<span class="token punctuation">.</span>strip<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># lstrip方法，删除左边left的空白</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lstrip<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># rstrip方法，删除右边right的空白</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rstrip<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 补充一句，这些方法有时候是可以嵌套的，不用写多行来处理，比如先变小写再删首尾空</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lower<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>strip<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 查找替换相关方法</span>
|
||
c <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"my name is little bai 小白"</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># startswith方法，判断字符串是不是以传入的参数开头，会返回布尔型返回值真或假</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c<span class="token punctuation">.</span>startswith<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"my"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># endswith方法，判断字符串是不是以传入的参数结尾，会返回布尔型返回值真或假</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c<span class="token punctuation">.</span>endswith<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"bai"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># find方法，获取参数在字符串中出现的位置索引，没有找到返回-1</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c<span class="token punctuation">.</span>find<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"is"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># replace方法，将字符串中的某些内容（如有），替换成别的内容</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c<span class="token punctuation">.</span>replace<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"小白"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"小黑"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 分割、连接方法</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># split方法，将字符串按照指定的分割符分割文本，默认分割符（如果不写）为空格（可以是多个空格）</span>
|
||
d <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"my name is liTTle bai 小白"</span> <span class="token comment"># 出来的结果是一个列表list，后面我们可以再做详细讲解如何后续处理</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>d<span class="token punctuation">.</span>split<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># join方法，刚才分割的反向操作，把一个列表的每个元素（列表中逗号分隔开的一个个称作元素）</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 按照指定的连接符（比如点号.）连接起来</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"."</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>join<span class="token punctuation">(</span>d<span class="token punctuation">.</span>split<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>说了这么多，可能大家都已经有些晕晕乎乎的了。不过没关系，本节课值得大家细细品味，如果一遍没有掌握，请多回来看几遍，记住常用的那些命令的单词，当你需要的时候就很容易了，它们的使用都是相当简单的。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="单词释义"><a name="单词释义" class="anchor-navigation-ex-anchor" href="#单词释义"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>单词释义</h3>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>单词</th>
|
||
<th>释义</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Tab</td>
|
||
<td>这里指键盘上的Tab键，会输出一个制表符\t</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>num</td>
|
||
<td>number数字的简写</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>tuple</td>
|
||
<td>元组</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>format</td>
|
||
<td>格式化</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>formatted string literals</td>
|
||
<td>格式化字符串常量</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>dir</td>
|
||
<td>全称为directory，你可以理解为目录，罗列出来</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>list</td>
|
||
<td>列表</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>in</td>
|
||
<td>在...里面</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>len</td>
|
||
<td>length长度的简洁写法，这里是一个命令名</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>title</td>
|
||
<td>标题，这里是一个命令名</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>lower</td>
|
||
<td>下面的</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>upper</td>
|
||
<td>上面的</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>strip</td>
|
||
<td>除去，剥去</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>lstrip</td>
|
||
<td>应该是left strip的简写，left为左边</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>rstrip</td>
|
||
<td>应该是right strip的简写，right为右边</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>startswith</td>
|
||
<td>start开始，with结合上下文理解为跟着啥</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>endswith</td>
|
||
<td>end结束，with结合上下文理解为跟着啥</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>find</td>
|
||
<td>寻找</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>replace</td>
|
||
<td>替换</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>split</td>
|
||
<td>分割，分裂</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>join</td>
|
||
<td>连接，加入</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
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